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سیاسی و روابط بین الملل::
دموکراسی اساسی
Beyond these definitional qualities concerning the extent of direct or indirect popular rule, there is a clear distinction between what might be called "procedural democracy" (for example, see Schumpeter 1976; Burton et al. 1992: 1) and "substantive democracy," or a more expanded definition of the idea (see Grugel 2002: 6).
Substantive democracy, on the other hand, implies procedural values as well as a greater equality of opportunity (usually wealth distribu- tion) and general social justice.
That is, the basic qualities of political liberalism are fundamental to substantive democracy.
Beyond this freedom, the particular quality of political liberalism that lends itself to substantive democracy is its moral neutrality.
Diamond appears to assume that liberal democracy and substantive democracy are the same, his dichotomy being liberal and electoral, rather than substantive and procedural (1999: 13).
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